西方公共管理与公共行政研究述要--兼及对中国公共行政体制改革的影响

近年来,国内外学者围绕公共管理和公共行政理论的流变、新公共管理范式的内涵及其特征、中国公共行政体制改革的路径及模式选择等诸多问题进行了广泛深入的探讨,该文系这一讨论的学术综述.     

知识经济条件下重新构建企业内部收益分配主体的理论探讨

知识经济时代,财务观念的创新和财务目标的重新定位,为人力资本参与企业收益分配奠定了理论基础。但并不是所有的人力资本家都能有幸成为企业的主人,财务资本家选定经营管理者与其共同分享税后利润,为此形成了财务资本与知识资本组成的二元收益分配主体。     

北京市部分国有企业收入分配问题的调查与思考

近年来,国有企业经营者与职工收入差距呈逐渐拉大趋势。国企职工工资水平低、增幅小,与社会平均工资渐行渐远。造成这一现状的主要原因是:企业自主分配权限失范,职工民主参与渠道不畅,市场机制调节偏离轨道,政府监控指导收效甚微。为此,应通过加大政府宏观调控力度、规范企业经营者收入分配与监控机制、建立企业职工工资正常增长机制等措施,来改善国有企业收入分配差距过大的问题。     

贵州省国民收入分配现状、问题与对策建议

合理调整国民收入分配关系是经济发展和社会进步的重要体现,是社会主义和谐社会建设的重要保障。近年来,社会各界对国民收入分配问题高度关注。贵州作为欠发达的西部省份,国民收入分配现状不容乐观,问题十分突出。增加贵州城乡居民收入,缩小差距,一方面必须加快经济发展,壮大收入分配的物质基础;另一方面要不断调整国民收入分配格局,加大收入分配调节力度,加快推进收入分配制度改革。     

关于马克思劳动价值理论现实意义的思考

劳动价值论对商品经济社会的生产与经营起着基础的指导作用。人们从劳动价值论出发,确立劳动价值准则,就会使商品经营凝结着人的精华,使物质性的商品转变为"人化商品"。     

Preliminary Observations on the Ability of Hyperspectral Imaging to Provide Detection and Visualization of Bloodstain Patterns on Black Fabrics

Abstract: The analysis of bloodstain patterns can assist investigators in understanding the circumstances surrounding a violent crime. Bloodstains are routinely subjected to pattern analysis, which is inherently dependent upon the ability of the examiner to locate and visualize bloodstain patterns on items of evidence. Often, the ability to properly visualize bloodstain patterns is challenging, especially when the stain patterns occur on dark and/or patterned substrates. In this study, preliminary research was performed to better understand how near‐infrared reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI) could be used to observe bloodstain patterns on commonly encountered black fabrics. The ability of HSI to visualize latent bloodstains on several commonly encountered substrates is demonstrated. The images acquired through HSI are of sufficient quality to allow for differentiation between stains produced from an impact mechanism or a transfer mechanism. This study also serves as a proof of concept in the differentiation of multiple staining materials. Because of its ability to generate spectral data, the data provide a preliminary separation of stains where more than one type of stain existed.     

Physical components of soft-tissue ballistic wounding and their involvement in the generation of blood backspatter*

Gunshot backspatter comprises biological material expelled backward through bullet entry holes. Crime scene investigators analyze backspatter patterns to infer wounding circumstances. An understanding of the mechanism of backspatter generation, and the relationship between spatter patterns and bullet and tissue characteristics, would enhance the predictive value of such analysis. We examined soft-tissue ballistic wounding responses to determine the underlying components and how these might be relevant to the generation of backspatter. We identified five mechanistic components to ballistic wounding (elastic, viscous, crushing, cutting, and thermal), each related to mechanical disciplines (respectively, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, fracture mechanics, rheology, and thermodynamics). We identified potential roles for these five components in backspatter formation and provide a scenario whereby a sequence of events incorporating these components could lead to backspatter generation and expulsion. This research provides a framework for the mathematical representation, and subsequent computational predictive modeling, of backspatter generation and pattern formation.     

美国法律解释权的配置与行使探析

美国法律解释权的配置与行使具有明显的发展脉络。18世纪以前,法律解释权的配置不确定。18～19世纪前期,逐步确立法院的法律解释权。19世纪中期到20世纪前期,法院保守地行使法律解释权。20世纪中期以来,法院与时俱进地行使法律解释权。美国法律解释权的这种配置和行使状况,深受美国社会发展状况和法律自身情况的影响。     

法律人格问题的比较分析

不同文化中的认知模式对法律人格制度的形成具有潜在影响。无论是古代社会还是近现代社会 ,中西方在法律人格问题上呈现出不同的特点。就目前而言 ,我国不仅面临抽象人格制度建构上的难题 ,还面临着紧迫的“具体人”的问题。我国的“具体人”问题非由市场造成。     

城市外来少数民族文化适应的三层面分析模式--以深圳"中国民俗文化村"员工为例

本文在田野调查资料的基础上,描述了深圳中国民俗文化村的少数民族员工在物质维度、制度维度和精神维度的文化适应状况,提出了适用于文化适应研究领域的三维分析模式.文章认为,在面对纷繁复杂的文化适应现象时,三维分析模式能为研究者提供一个层次分明的观察基点.